基于“无废理念”的纺织服装工业区绿色化改造模式研究

通过对中国工业区，特别是纺织服装工业区"产废"情况的梳理，明确针对污染严重，经济效益不高的工业区进行改造的必要性。为实现对纺织服装工业区绿色化改造，从"无废理念"出发，重点研究纺织服装工业区绿色化改造的可实施路径。在研究方法上将纺织服装工业区作为研究整体，基于可持续发展思想，构建纺织服装工业区经济、社会、环境复合生态系统，运用层次分析法，选取对于该类工业园区具有代表性的经济、社会、环境指标进行评价，通过评价后总的分值，结合生命周期规律，将需要改造的纺织服装工业区进行初步筛选。同时，利用经济、社会、环境各子系统的分值，对具体改造模式加以判别。文章通过对纺织服装工业区不可持续性的内涵挖掘，将工业区绿色化改造模式与改造内容建立关联，可以通过产业绿色化改造和建成空间绿色化改造，来实现工业园区的升级与转型，进而实现可持续发展。最后，根据模式判别结果，针对不同模式在产业与建成空间的不同特征，提出相应的绿色化改造方法和政策建议。在结论中总结基于"无废理念"纺织服装工业区绿色化改造与可持续发展的辩证关系。此方法适用于其他类型的工业区改造模式判别，以促进工业区的可持续发展。     

The roles of ecological and behavioral observation in species recognition among primates

Closely related living mammal species present numerous difficulties of recognition and delineation, not least because populations as well as individual organisms fulfill both genetic and economic functions. However, since species are often distributed geographically across multiple ecosystems or environments, it is evident that species as wholes, except where coterminous with the local populations of which they are composed, cannot be said to play unitary ecological roles. Aspects of the economic activity of organisms thus may not be admitted as elements in species recognition. Those who study the behavior of mammals in their natural habitats must therefore focus upon behaviors which preserve the genetic integrity of species if they wish to contribute to the systematic question of species identification. «Isolation» concepts of species are not served by data of this kind, since they emphasize interspecies discontinuities; the «recognition» concept of species, however, specifically focuses upon behaviors of this kind as they contribute to the «Specific-Mate Recognition System». Among primates such behaviors are likely to involve signalling of various kinds; where this is visual it is reasonable to expect to find morphological or chromatic correlates; where such cues are auditory or, to a lesser extent, olfactory, it is less probable that such correlates will be found to exist.     

森林粗死木质残体的概念及其分类

森林粗死木残体 (Coarse woody debris,CWD)在不同的文献中有不同的定义 ,没有通用而确切的概念用来描述 CWD,对研究结果的比较造成了很大障碍。 2 0世纪 90年代以来 ,随着景观生态学的发展 ,以及对 CWD生态功能的深入研究 ,国外的森林管理和研究机构 (例如 USDA Forest Service和 L TER)为了把 CWD放在区域以及景观尺度上进行比较 ,对 CWD的概念等进行了统一 ,将其直径标准由原来的≥ 2 .5 cm调整到≥ 10 cm,但是我国在此方面还没有与国际接轨 ,仍采用旧标准 (≥ 2 .5 cm ) ,这样的研究结果难于和国外进行比较 ,不利于我国 CWD的长期深入研究。另外 ,有关 CWD的分类一直以来也没有形成一个完整的分类系统 ,我国也缺少 CWD分类方法的介绍。鉴于以上情况 ,综合国内外近年来在 CWD方面的研究动态 ,综述了 CWD的概念和分类情况 ,并初步提出较综合的 CWD概念及其分类系统 ,以供相关研究者讨论和参考 ,为我国的 CWD研究起到推动作用     

"生态环境"一词的合理性与科学性辨析

“生态环境”一词是比较中国化的、在中国使用频率较高的一个词。目前中国生态学界和环境科学界开展了一场关于“生态环境”一词合理性和科学性的热烈讨论。本文在文献综述的基础上,系统总结了有关“生态环境”一词的争论与观点,从“生态”和“环境”两词概念含义、学科发展、语义发展等方面探讨了“生态环境”一词的合理性与科学性,分析了在这场争论和讨论中的一些错误认识。     

Identity and phylogenetic placement of Spirogyra species (Zygnematophyceae,Charophyta) from California streams and elsewhere1

Diversity of the filamentous green algae in the genus Spirogyra (Zygnematophyceae) was investigated from more than 1,200 stream samples from California. We identified 12 species of Spirogyra not previously known for California (CA), including two species new to science, Spirogyra californica sp. nov. and Spirogyra juliana sp. nov. Environmental preferences of the Californian species are discussed in the light of their restricted distribution to stream habitats with contrasting nutrient levels. We also investigated the systematic relationships of Spirogyra species from several continents using the chloroplast‐encoded genes ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/hydrogenase large subunit (rbcL) and the beta subunit of the ATP synthase (atpB). Californian species were positioned in most major clades of Spirogyra. The phylogeny of Spirogyra and its taxonomic implications are discussed, such as the benefits of combining structural and molecular data for more accurate and consistent species identification. Considerable infraspecific genetic variation of globally distributed Spirogyra species was observed across continental scales. This finding suggests that structurally similar species from distant regions may be genetically dissimilar and that Spirogyra may contain a large number of cryptic species. Correlating the morphological and genetic variation within the genus will be a major challenge for future researchers.     

Birding and DNA: species for the new millennium

Capsule Based on the 1999 Witherby Memorial Lecture – reviews how developments in molecular and population genetics have led to a reappraisal of species limits in birds.

The taxonomy of birds of the West Palearctic has moved from the comparative stability of the ‘Voous List’ into a period of serious activity, with new data emerging in almost every issue of every evolutionary and avian journal! This activity comes from two directions. Firstly, developments in population genetics, molecular biology, acoustics, behaviour and distributional studies have opened new avenues to measuring differentiation among groups of birds. This, in turn, has led to the recognition that earlier views of what constitutes a ‘species’ are in need of modification (‘improvement’), and the emergence of the ‘lineage concept’ of species. I review some of the species concepts most relevant to avian studies, and attempt to show how and why this change has happened, and its consequences for taxonomy and species limits. Examples are given in the form of ‘case studies’, and include Carrion/Hooded Crows Corvus corone/cornix, Green-winged/Eurasian Teals Anas carolinensis/crecca and Phylloscopus warblers.